An Overview of Management of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), clinically manifests with fever, lymphadenopathy, a maculopapular rash, and organ involvement. Leukocytosis, leukopenia, atypical lymphocytes, eosinophilia, and changes in liver and kidney function tests are all discovered in laboratory results. Since it might vary according to the very type of medicine and each patient's immunological condition, as well as because many cases go undetected or untreated, the true incidence of DRESS is unknown. Anticonvulsant medications, antibiotics and antituberculosis medications are the most frequently linked to DRESS. It can be difficult to diagnose and is occasionally made late. Using a scoring system based on clinical and laboratory results, the diagnostic criteria put forward by the international Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (RegiSCAR) aid in making the diagnosis. A comprehensive clinical history involving all suspects is the first stage in determining the culprit, with a focus on those most likely to induce DRESS syndrome based on the relevant line of literature and the environment. The diagnostic procedure may also benefit from a skin biopsy. In DRESS situations, patch testing is the preferred method for identifying the offender. Reviewing the available data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, clinical and laboratory results of DRESS is the goal of this article.

Keywords: DRESS; Drug; Eosinophilia; Hypersensitivity; Systemic symptom