Relationship Between Resilience in COVID-19 Survivors and COVID-19-Related Fear, Happiness, Health Literacy, and Physical Activity

Introduction: This study examined resilience levels in COVID-19 survivors and the relationship between resilience and COVID-19-related fear, happiness, health literacy, and physical activity.
Material and Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of 403 COVID-19 survivors. Data were collected using the Personal Questionnaire, Short Psychological Resilience Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, International Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire, and Health Literacy Scale Short Form.
Results: Of the participants, 58.6% were aged 18–40, 66.3% had a medium social status, 48.4% did not exercise, and 90.8% had been vaccinated against COVID-19. The model– consisting of performing physical activity, COVID-19-related fear, and happiness –explained 23% of the resilience variance (adjusted R2=0.23, F=18.081, p<0.001). Accordingly, performing physical activity (β=-0.91), COVID-19-related fear (β=-0.229), and happiness (β=0.326) were associated with resilience (p<0.05).
Discussion and Conclusion: The COVID-19 survivors in this study exhibited moderate resilience. The predictors of resilience were physical activity, COVID-19-related fear, and happiness. Strategies to increase psychological resilience should be planned to increase physical activity and happiness and reduce fear.

Keywords: COVID-19; Resilience; Fear; Happiness; Health literacy; Exercise