Sarcopenia is a progressive generalized disorder of skeletal muscle defined by declines in muscle mass, strength, and function, resulting in increased risk of falls, fractures, disability, dependency, reduced quality of life, and mortality. It primarily affects older adults, with prevalence rising with age, but can also develop secondary to chronic diseases, prolonged immobilization, malnutrition, or systemic inflammatory conditions. Early identification is crucial, as sarcopenia is a preventable and potentially reversible condition when appropriate interventions are implemented. Diagnosis involves sequential assessment of muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance, with the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2 recommending the find–assess–confirm–severity approach to ensure standardized evaluation across clinical and research settings. Lifestyle-based interventions remain the cornerstone of management, including resistance and aerobic exercise, adequate protein intake, Vitamin D supplementation, and high-quality dietary patterns. Nutritional supplements, including leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, and omega-3 fatty acids, provide additional support. Pharmacological options are limited, with testosterone demonstrating benefits in deficiency states, and emerging agents such as a mas receptor agonist, BIO101, showing potential as future therapeutic interventions. Given its multifactorial pathophysiology – including hormonal changes, chronic inflammation, neuromuscular decline, and lifestyle-related factors –effective sarcopenia management requires a comprehensive, multi-targeted approach addressing both lifestyle and underlying mechanisms.
Keywords: Geriatrics; Muscle strength; Older adults; Sarcopenia
, Zekeriya Ülger1 
