Application of Cell Culture System in Radiation Dose Optimization of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy

Introduction: Metastatic breast cancer causes high mortality in women. Therefore, the search for effective treatment continues. A suitable radiation dose should be determined to cause only a minimum damage to the surrounding tissue. We aimed to determine if cell culture systems can be used to demonstrate the effects of different radiation doses on breast cancer cells.
Methods: Here, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were used. The antiproliferative effect of different doses of X-rays was measured by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide test. A wound healing test was performed to assess the metastatic potential, and flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate the cell cycle.
Results: It is found that 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 8 Gy radiation doses were applied to the cells. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased at all doses (p<0.05). However, there was no significant decrease between the different dose groups (p>0.05). The lateral mobilization potential of MDA-MB-231 cells was decreased significantly in radiation applied cells as compared with the control. Cell cycle analyses showed that different doses of radiation delayed the cells in G1 as compared with control cells in the S phase.
Discussion and Conclusion: In the cell culture system, a decrease in proliferation and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by the application of different doses of radiation is found. Therefore, for effective planning of radiation therapy, additional parameters of radiation should also be assessed via cell culture systems. It has been shown that cell culture systems may be used for dosimetry studies of radiation therapy for breast cancer.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Cell biology; Cell culture; Molecular biology; Radiotherapy